Monday, January 12, 2015

Auto Load Sharing (ALS):

Auto Load Sharing (ALS):
This device automatically control load distribution (proportional distribution method) of plural number of generators. In this auto load-sharing controller, minimum operation control for receiving power and high output operation control for generators can be selective. At parallel operation of power receiving and plural number of generators, received power is controlled and distribution control is done depending on load. In the case the load is increased and reached almost maximum capacity of generator, insufficient amount of power is automatically born by power receiving.
 When parallel   operation of generators alone is done, frequency control as well as generator number control and distribution control are done. When this device is used together with synchronizing device, power factor regulator and reactive power distribution device, synchronization of and parallel operation of generator can be done.
Description of operation:
1. Isolation transducer circuit.: To obtain the voltage signal in the range of 0~2.5V, DC current that is proportional to AC power is input, pulse width modulated, isolated by a photo coupler, and is passed through smoothing circuit.

2. Input voltage and frequency: input voltage is isolated by PT and passed through effective value circuit to convert it into DC voltage (AC 150V/DC1.5V). As for frequency detection, ¼ dividing is done after wave forming to be used as the interval of input frequency.

3. A/D converter circuit: A total of seven circuits of five power circuits, one voltage circuit, and A/D reference input are analog/digital converted in the prescribed order by 13-bit A/D converter.
4. Control Input circuit: control input such as key set, effluent designation, start destination and the like are isolated by the photo coupler and taken inside.
5. Power receiving constant control value-Analog output: analog output is operational at WRT=100% /DC 1mA, after the power receiving constant power value under present control is transmitted to analog by D/A transmitter through insulated circuit.
6. Alarm and start command output: alarm is output in the event of generator inverse power or governor system failure erroneous designation. Alarm output for error command is provide with timer 10S.this timer is compose of software manner.
Stat command; when receiving power exceeds WHG for more than 1 minute, generator start is output. This is of or output with next generator start output (instantaneous action).a timer (10 minutes) used here is composed of hard-ware manner.
7. Control output: control output signal such as overload separation designation possible and separation command are output respectively after various conditions including load power, control input born by the generator and the like are judged CPU.
8. Governor control output: when each generator output has a difference of more than neutral zone compared with respective control target, generator output is controlled by 15R and 15L signal so that it is maintained within neutral zone.
9. CPU circuit: burden of each generator, load power, and frequency are calculated. Power receiving constant power control and generator target control are executed by control signal such as governor control, overload command, start command, start command, and separation command according to the control signal input from outside.
Interpretation of the control data input by function key, and pulse width control of 15R and 15L signal are done too.
3.29 Maintenance of ALS:
Daily inspection is not required especially. Take case of the following items periodically.
Remove dust adhered to this device
Check the device for presence of loosened wiring and mounting machine screws.
Check relays if they are replaced with correct interval.
Replacement and maintenance interval of relays
Manufacture and model number of the relay used (MY2, DC 24V,OMRON) make plug socket connection
Working condition and service life
Load MM4XP (DC 100/110V), service life: 2 million times, open/close frequency: One / 20sec., estimated service life: approximately 460 days.
Replacement and maintenance interval: replacement and maintenance of relays should be done every year.
Replacement and maintenance interval of relays: with this device, relays are arranged on the interval print plate. Open body inside to conduct replacement and maintenance of relays .take due care are that time so that dust may not enter into device inside. 
Remove set screws (at four locations) at the side of terminal board, withdraw print plate from the motherboard fixed at lower portion in the box, and replace the relay.
Remove relay fixture for each relay. After replacement, restore this relay fixture. At this moment, check if fixtures hook is surely engaged with socket of the relay.
Upon completion, mount print plate to the motherboard by machine screws.
large reduction of the operating energy. These breakers are available for indoor or outdoor applications, the latter being in the form of breaker poles housed in ceramic insulators mounted on a structure.
Current interruption in a high-voltage circuit-breaker is obtained by separating two contacts in a medium, such as SF6, having excellent dielectric and arc quenching properties. After contact separation, current is carried through an arc and is interrupted when this arc is cooled by a gas blast of sufficient intensity.
Gas blast applied on the arc must be able to cool it rapidly so that gas temperature between the contacts is reduced from 20,000 K to less than 2000 K in a few hundred microseconds, so that it is able to withstand the transient recovery voltage that is applied across the contacts after current interruption. Sulphur hexafluoride is generally used in present high-voltage circuit-breakers (of rated voltage higher than 52 kV).In the 1980s and 1990s, the pressure necessary to blast the arc was generated mostly by gas heating using arc energy. It is now possible to use low energy spring-loaded mechanisms to drive high-voltage circuit-breakers up to 800 kV. Bearing: Supports revolving parts for stable revolution

7. Fan: Installed in the revolving area to feed in cooling air
The synchronous generator most commonly used, the revolving –armature type AC exciter is installed on the shaft used for DC excitation of the field coil. The output is converted to DC with the silicon rectifier for supply to the coil.
No. of Revs. And Poles
The relation between revolution speed and frequency in generators is represented by the following formula

No comments:

Post a Comment